定时器
详细介绍
emmc
1
2
3
| var="$(cat /sys/kernel/debug/mmc0/mmc0\:0001/ext_csd)"
eol=${var:534:2};slc=${var:536:2};mlc=${var:538:2}
echo "EOL:0x$eol SLC:0x$slc MLC:0x$mlc"
|
流量监控
iftop
参考
Debian armbian
不同的版本名称
Debian 11 Bullseye
Debian 12 Bookworm
Ubuntu 22.04 LTS Jammy Jellyfish
Ubuntu 24.04 LTS Noble Numbat
换Debian源
命令
1
2
| armbian-sync
armbian-apt
|
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
| # 默认注释了源码镜像以提高 apt update 速度，如有需要可自行取消注释
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# 以下安全更新软件源包含了官方源与镜像站配置，如有需要可自行修改注释切换
deb https://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# deb-src https://security.debian.org/debian-security bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/armbian/ buster main buster-utils buster-desktop
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main contrib non-free
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security/ bullseye-security main contrib non-free
#清华
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
#阿里源
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
#deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
#deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bullseye-security main
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
#deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-updates main non-free contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
#deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bullseye-backports main non-free contrib
Armbian默认
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
#deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
#deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
#deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb http://security.debian.org/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
#deb-src http://security.debian.org/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# 中科大
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
deb-src https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/debian-security/ bookworm-security main contrib non-free non-free-firmware
# 清华
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
# 阿里
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.aliyun.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
# 腾讯
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.tencent.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
# 网易
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.163.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
# 华为
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
|
更新
apt-get update && apt-get upgrade
错误 The following signatures couldn’t be verified because the public key is not available
1
2
3
4
5
| 6ED0E7B82643E131
54404762BBB6E853
93D6889F9F0E78D5
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 5523BAEEB01FA116 其中的5523BAEEB01FA116是根据错误提示写的
sudo apt-key adv --keyserver hkp://keyserver.ubuntu.com:80 --recv-keys
|
trusted.gpg问题
1
2
3
4
| cd /etc/apt
sudo cp trusted.gpg trusted.gpg.d
sudo cp /etc/apt/trusted.gpg /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d
|
No sandbox user ‘_apt’ on the system, can not drop privileges
参考
1
| sudo adduser --force-badname --system --no-create-home _apt
|
交换区设置
参考
查大文件
1
| find / -type f -size +1G
|
时区
1
2
3
4
| # 查看
timedatectl
# 设置
cp /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime
|
服务命令
防火墙
参考文档
service
命令只支持基础 LSB 动作
start（启动）
stop（停止）
restart（重启）
try-restart(尝试重新启动)
reload(重新加载)、
force-reload(强制重新加载)、
status（状态）
如: service firewalld status （查看防火墙状态，注意顺序: service 服务 状态）
systemctl
和service拥有一样的命令
如: systemctl status firewalld （查看防火墙状态，注意顺序: systemctl 状态 服务）
清空文件
参考
1
2
3
| cat /dev/null > /var/log/messages
推荐下面的
: > /var/log/messages
|
压缩解压缩
J(大写):使用压缩 .xz
z:使用压缩 .gz
c:创建
v:显示
f:指定文件
x:解压缩
压缩文件 tar -zcvf 名字.tar.gz 1~n个文件
解压文件 tar -zxvf 文件 -C 地址
动态输出日志
tail -f 文件
全局配置颜色：
打开配置文件：
sudo vim ~/.bashrc
在最后加一行：
PS1='[\[\e[33;40m\]\u@\h \w \t]$ '
然后使之生效：
source ~/.bashrc
修改文件权限
修改文件权限使用chmod指令。该指令常用的有两种使用方式：
1.chmod abc filename
指令中的a、b、c分别表示一个数字，其中a对应文件所有者权限，b对应文件所有者所在组权限，c对应其他身份权限。
对于a、b、c各自来讲，它们都是0~7的数字，对应r、w、x三个二进制位按序组成的二进制数，举个例子，如果是只可读，对应的二进制数就是“100”，也就是4；如果是可读可写不可执行，那么对应二进制数为“110”，也就是6……
再举个最常见的chmod 777 xxxx指令，这里有3个7，但是每个7的含义是不同的。7的二进制形式为111，表示可读可写可执行，第1个7表示文件对于文件所有者来说可读可写可执行；第2个7表示文件对于文件所有者所在组来说可读可写可执行；第3个7表示文件对于其他身份的用户来说可读可写可执行。也就是说，通过chmod 777，文件就没有了读写执行权限限制了。
如果我要将上述client.cpp文件权限改为“文件所有者可读可写可执行，其余身份只可读”，那么就可以使用如下指令：